Comparing Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini's use of light Essay

Comparing Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini's use of light and shadow in their architecture - Essay Example In their architectural works, Borromini symbolized the imaginative and idiosyncratic sector of the baroque while Bernini represented the purposes and ideas of ancient Rome (Zelanski & Fisher 172). During their architectural works, both architectures used light as a building material so that they can cause visual and ornamental effect to describe the planned space. Therefore, both the architecture perceived light and shadow in their buildings for identity. Comparing Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini’s use of light and shadow in their architecture Both Bernini and Francesco used light and shadow in different sectors of their architectural works for varying functions. First, they considered the rays of light very important in their work since they used windows to act as lighting holes. They used windows to attract sunrays as seen on the church of the monastery. These architectures also used window lights in their works to show the cyclic values of time on varying seaso ns. They ensured that they built their windows in a systematic manner to have an opening, which allows rays to penetrate into specific areas within a house. Second, both Bernini and Francesco included light walls in their architectural works (White 27). ... An example is the church at Walsenburg Abbey. They enabled uniform lighting in their works by including several windows. Both architectures blended light and shadow in their work to make them appear livelier. This is because; both architectures believed that good lighting improves the surfacing texture, depth and the form of the work. They used different types of lighting and shadow in different areas; for example, they used homely lighting during the interior designs for domestic homes. Bernini and Francesco used light and shadow in their art works in order to bring about decorative effect (White 28). This is because light effects on any artwork clearly show the design of that work hence helping many people in defining such work. Both architectures considered light and shadow to rhyme; therefore, they used glass and other translucent materials in order to avoid brightness hence creating shadows in their artistic works. During their time, both architectures used light mainly in inter ior designs. They integrated fenestration together with artificial light hence creating illumination, which gave their works a sense of movement and emotion. They applied interior lighting to lessen focal prominence hence increasing a sense of openness as well as height of the objects. Both architectures used natural light to draw attention to specific parts of a given space and this was commonly applicable in churches and uniform tall windows. They also used light and fire to make their surfaces more reflective and the candle encouraged spectacular illumination (Ficher-Rathus 400). ContrastingGian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini’s use of light and shadow in their architecture Bernini and

Elijah Muhammad Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Elijah Muhammad - Research Paper Example This research is going to evaluate Elijah Muhammad’s achievements in his life. The research paper also examines Muhammad’s life history and his relationship with other African-American muslim leaders like Wallace Fard Muhammad. According to Ogbar & Jeffrey (79), Elijah Muhammad was born in 1897 and at that time had a different name; Elijah Poole. According to different authors, Muhammad led African-American Muslims for 40 years. Life was not easy for Muhammad at his young age since he came from a family of 13 children. Living conditions at the time were unbearable; he had to undergo the normal routine of helping the family raise the money for basic needs. This forced him to drop out of school early between the fourth and eighth grade of elementary school. The authors explain that most of the Southerners in Georgia had to drop out of school at a young age to take up responsibilities of assisting their parents in small jobs to raise money to help their families. The livin g conditions of African-American Southerners in Georgia at the time of Muhammad’s young age were harsh. White individuals were promoting the anti-black slogan where African-Americans people were treated badly and beaten to death. Muhammad saw the white population’s brutality and decided to leave for Detroit. Two African-American people were lynched to death, which this was the turning point for Muhammad after which he decided to leave the place (Ogbar & Jeffrey 79). Muhammad moved to Detroit where he met one of the founders of the African-American Muslims fellowship, Wallace Fard Muhammad. He then changed his name from his original name, Elijah Poole, and was also taught about Islam by Wallace. According to Muhammad (1), Elijah Muhammad’s teachings by the founder of the African-American Muslims made him expand the fellowship to other places within the United States. The encounter with the African-American Muslim’s founder and the time the teachings took p lace between them is estimated to be three and half years. From that point, Elijah Muhammad took over the leadership of the African-American Muslims, which is seen to have been promoted by the disappearance of Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1934. The relationship between the two leaders of African-American Muslims, Wallace and Elijah Muhammad, started because of the suffering the African-American were experiencing from white people. According to Muhammad (1), Wallace Fard Muhammad started the movement and recruited a large number of African-Americans among them Elijah Muhammad. The teachings of Wallace are seen to have brought the African-Americans together into the formation of the African-American Muslim group. Most of the African-American were living in harsh conditions under the expense of the white people. Wallace taught African-Americans that Christianity promoted by the whites had made them suffer and to be enslaved by the whites. Ogbar & Jeffrey (79) point out that Wallace talked to the African-American people saying that white people were not original, that they were genetically modified evils and there was a need to separate African-American individuals from the white evils. After the disappearance of Wallace, Elijah Muhammad took over, taught the African-Americans and made changes, mostly economic, which would help them move away from the suffering of the white peop